Effective treatment of severe forms of RSV and Pneumocystis jirovecii infections in a child with Down syndrome and acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with chemotherapy

There has been significant progress in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment throughout the previous decades. However, infectious complications are still main problem during cancer treatment. Literature reports show that treatment-related mortality is 2–4% and mainly related to infection. Here, authors report a 3-year-old patient with Down syndrome ALL who was hospitalized Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology Transplantology Medical University Lublin. The treated according AIEOP-BFM 2017 protocol developed severe co-infection Pneumocystis jiroveci respiratory syncytial virus induction phase chemotherapy P. re-infection while receiving Protocol II. As result, interrupted for 51 31 days, respectively. required administration broad-spectrum antibiotics, antiviral antifungal therapy passive oxygen therapy. Due clinical condition, also temporarily Intensive Care Unit. Research revealed several risk factors patients including intensive or syndrome. Therefore, despite anti-infective prophylaxis, increased medical vigilance necessary. In case symptoms, early diagnosis prompt should be implemented enable continuation therapeutic protocol.